代词

　　一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。

　　二代词的种类：

　　1. 人称代词主格　I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they

　　宾格　me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them

　　2. 物主代词形容词性的物主代词　my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their

　　名词性的物主代词　mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs

　　3. 反身代词　myself, herself, themselves...

　　4. 相互代词有：each other, one another...

　　5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those...

　　6. 疑问代词　who, what, whose...

　　7. 关系代词　which, that, who...

　　8. 连接代词　what, who, whose...

　　9. 不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词

　　all, each, both, either, neither, one, any...

　　10. 指示代词　that, this ,these, those

　　三代词的使用方法

　　1. 人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为“反身代词”。详件见下表：

　　人称代词

　　物主代词

　　反身代词

　　主格

　　宾格

　　形容词性

　　物主代词

　　名词性

　　物主代词

　　第一人称

　　单数

　　I

　　me

　　my

　　mine

　　myself

　　复数

　　we

　　us

　　our

　　ours

　　ourselves

　　第二人称

　　单数

　　you

　　you

　　your

　　yours

　　yourself

　　复数

　　you

　　you

　　your

　　yours

　　yourselves

　　第三人称

　　单数

　　he

　　him

　　his

　　his

　　himself

　　she

　　her

　　her

　　hers

　　herself

　　it

　　it

　　its

　　its

　　Itself

　　复数

　　they

　　them

　　their

　　theirs

　　themselves

　　句法功能

　　作主语,其中she指

　　带代国家,it可指

　　代天气时间等。

　　作宾语介

　　词宾语表语

　　作定语

　　作主语,宾语,

　　介词宾语,表语

　　书信yours...

　　作宾语,介词

　　宾语,表语主

　　语同为语

　　根据上表的例句如下：

　　She doesn‘t believe us.

　　When he arrived, John went straight to the bank..

　　You’ll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.

　　-Who is it? -It‘s me.

　　Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second.

　　They think too much of themselves.

　　A week later, I myself had to go to Paris.

　　Help yourself!

　　We cook for ourselves.

　　I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

　　The cap is Jack’s.

　　注意：在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位， I 放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。简单记成：单数2,3,1，复数1,2,3 。都是三人称，女后男在先。例如：

　　You and I can help each other.

　　They couldn‘t have seen Tom and me there.

　　You, Tom and I are leaving next month.

　　You or they must pass the exam.

　　We, you and they should go there together.

　　2. 疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which

　　①who与whom. (whom是who的宾格)

　　Who told you the truth?Whom are you talking with?

　　②whose, which, what(在非限定的数量中选择用what,在限定的数量中选择which)

　　Whose book is this?

　　What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?

　　Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?

　　What are you reading now?

　　What’s your father?

　　Whose books are these on the desk?

　　注意：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。

　　For what do most students study?What are you looking for?

　　3. 指示代词this, these, that , those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。

　　This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag.

　　My idea is this.How do you think of this idea?

　　注意：that和those有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。

　　The best coal is that from Newcastle.

　　Those who wish to go may sign up here.

　　4. 不定代词用法辨析

　　neither...nor... 没有...也没有

　　either... or... 不是...就是...

　　both两者都...

　　one... the other... 两个中的一个,另一个

　　another 再一个,又一个

　　every 作定语,每一个. (可以形成合成词 everybody   everything...)

　　each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用.

　　None 否定意思,“没有一个...”

　　5．其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。

　　练习题：

　　1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than ________ in Shenyang.

　　A. that　B. It　C. this　D. one

　　2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _____comes from U. S. A.

　　A. he　B. she　C. it　D. they

　　3. My bike is broken. May I borrow________?

　　A. you　B. yourself　C. yours　D. your

　　4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_________--.

　　A. a few　B. few　C. a little　D. little bit

　　5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _________. Thanks, I‘ve had enough.

　　A. either　B. neither　C. some　D. both

　　6. I bought ___________ exercise books with __________ money.

　　A. a few, a few　B. a few, a little　C. a little, a few　D. a little, a little

　　7. I made the cake by ____________. Help __________, Tom.

　　A. ourselves, yourself　B. myself, yourself　C. myself, you　D. me, him

　　8. Enjoy_____________, May and Mary.

　　A. yourself　B. myself　C. yourselves　D. themselves

　　9. _____________ house is this ?It’s mine.

　　A. What　B. Who　C. Whose　D. Whose

　　10. She is a student and ____________ name is Mary.

　　A. she　B. her　C. hers　D. his

　　11. She will go skating and I will do _________.

　　A. such　B. same　C. the same as　D. the same

　　12. __________ is he?He is a bus driver.

　　A. who 　B. which　C. that　D. what

　　13. _____ hat is this?It‘s __________.

　　A. Whose, me　B. Who, mine　C. Whom, his　D. Whose, mine

　　14. The population of China is larger than __________ of Japan.

　　A. one　B. it　C. that　D. those

　　15. Li Li is clever than _______ in his class.

　　A. anybody　B. anyone else　C. else anyone　D. somebody else

　　16. _________ like music.

　　A. Both of them　B. Both of they　C. The both girls　D. Both them

　　17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have__________ in my bottle.

　　A. a few　B. few　C. a little　D. little

　　18. He has ___________ to tell us.

　　A. something important　B. important something　C. anything useful　D. useful nothing

　　19. Would you like ___________ coffee? Yes, I’d like ______________.

　　A. any, any　B. some, some　C. some, any　D. any, some

　　20. _________ of the teachers are ok in our school.

　　A. every　B. each　C. either　D. all

　　21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, ________ are from the USA.

　　A. two others　B. the other too　C. another two　D. the both

　　22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I don‘t mind. _______ is ok.

　　A. Either　B. Neither　C. Any　D. Both

　　23. Help __________ to some chicken, boys and girls.

　　A. you　B. yours　C. yourself　D. yourselves

　　24. What do you usually have for breakfast?______ milk and ______ eggs.

　　A. Little, a little　B. A few, few　C. A little, a few　D. A few, a little

　　25. Who taught ______ history last year?Nobody! He learned it _________.

　　A. him, himself　B. his, himself　C. himself, himself　D. his, him

　　26. There isn’t _______ paper here. Will you go and get __________for me?

　　A. any, any　B. any, some　C. much, many　D. many, much

　　27. The farmer is busy because he‘s so __ sheep to keep and so __ work to do.

　　A. much, many　B. many, much　C. many, a lot　D. a lot, much

　　28. On _______ side of the river there’re many tall trees.

　　A every　B. all　C. both　D. each

　　29. Whose photo is this?It‘s __________.

　　A. me　B. mine　C. my　D. myself

　　30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?_______ is Li Ping’s brother.

　　A. This　B. That　C. It　D. He

　　31. The old man has two sons, but __________ of them lives with him.

　　A. both　B. none　C. neither　D. all

　　32. You have more apples than I, but _____ are bigger than_________.

　　A. my, your　B. my, yours　C. mine, your　D. mine, yours

　　33. There is ________ meat at home. Would you please go and buy______?

　　A. some, a little　B. a little, any　C. little, some　D. little, any

　　34. My parents are workers. _______ both work in the same factory.

　　A. them　B. they　C. he　D. she

　　35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?I‘m afraid _______ day is possible.

　　A. either　B. same　C. nay　D. neither

　　36. He can’t hear you, because there is _____ noise here.

　　A. very much　B. too much　C. much too　D. so many

　　37. All of us were invited, but _______ of us came.

　　A. neither　B. none　C. both　D. any

　　38. There isn‘t __________ water in the cup.

　　A. any　B. many　C. some　D. the

　　39. We have _________ sugar. Really? Let’s go and buy some.

　　A. few　B. a few　C. little　D. a little

　　40. There isn‘t ____________ milk in the fridge. You’d better buy some.

　　A. no　B. any　C. some　D. a few

　　41. Help_____ to some meat, Mary.

　　A. themselves　B. ourselves　C. yourself　D. himself

　　42. Though they had cleaned the door, there was still __________ water on it.

　　A. little　B. a little　C. few　D. a few

　　43. The old man kept one black dog and two white__________.

　　A. one　B. ones　C. those　D. one‘s

　　44. ______ of us has read the newspaper, so we know nothing about it.

　　A. some　B. both　C. none　D. all

　　45. He is not a kind- hearted man, ________ people can get on well with him.

　　A. few　B. a few　C. little　D. a little

　　46. I’m old enough to wash _______ clothes. You should wash ______, too.

　　A. my, your　B. mine, yours　C. my, your　D. your, my

　　47. It‘s too hot. Give __________ a bottle of orange.

　　A. mine　B. he　C. her　D. our

　　48. When shall we meet again?___ day is OK.

　　A. either　B. neither　C. none　D. any

　　49. Which of the two books will you buy?I’ll buy __, so I can give one to Joe.

　　A. either　B. neither　C. all　D. both

　　50. The girls are crying. ________ can‘t find __________ mother.

　　A. She, her　B. They, them　C. They, their　D. They, her

　　答案：1-5 A A C C B　6-10 B B C C B　11-15 D D D C B

　　16-20 A D A B D 　21-25 B A D C A　  26-30 B B D B

　　31-35 C D C B D　36-40 B B A C B　41-45 C B B C A　46-50 C C D D C